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Number of items: 103.
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  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Gimm, Dong-Wan (Eds.) (2025). The political economy of megaprojects in Asia: state power, land control, financial flows, and dispossession. Routledge.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee (Eds.) (2025). The urbanising dynamics of global China: speculation, articulation, and translation in global capitalism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003621775
  • Park, Se Hoon, Shin, Hyun Bang, Kang, Hyun Soo (Eds.) (2020). Exporting urban Korea? Reconsidering the Korean urban development experience. Routledge.
  • Chen, Yi-Ling, Shin, Hyun Bang (Eds.) (2019). Neoliberal urbanism, contested cities and housing in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55015-6
  • Chen, Yi-Ling, Shin, Hyun Bang (2019). Centering housing questions in Asian cities. In Chen, Yi-Ling, Shin, Hyun Bang (Eds.), Neoliberal Urbanism, Contesting Cities and Housing in Asia (pp. 1-19). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55015-6_1
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2019). Contesting property hegemony in Asian cities. In Chen, Yi-Ling, Shin, Hyun Bang (Eds.), Neoliberal Urbanism, Contesting Cities and Housing in Asia (pp. 193-209). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55015-6_9
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). 투기적 도시화, 젠트리피케이션, 도시권 (Speculative urbanisation, gentrification and the right to the city). In Choi, Byung Doo (Ed.), 희망의 도시 (City of Hope) (pp. 216-243). 한울아카데미.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). Anti-gentrification: what is to be done? [In Korean: 신현방 (편저) 안티 젠트리피케이션: 무엇을 할 것 인가 ]. Dongnyok Publishers.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). Introduction: anti-gentrification: what is to be done? In Shin, Hyun Bang (Ed.), Anti-Gentrification: What Is To Be Done = [In Korean: 신현방 (편저) 안티 젠트리피케이션: 무엇을 할 것 인가 ] (pp. 15-36). Dongnyok Publishers.
  • Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, Lopez Morales, Ernesto (2017). Planetary gentrification.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). 중국 개혁기 자본의 도시, 강탈의 도시로의 이행 – 광주의 사례를 중심으로. Critical Review of History, 116(8), 73-96.
  • Shin, H.B (2016). Editorial review: developmentalist urbanization, gentrification and the alliance of resistance - 발전주의 도시화와 젠트리피케이션, 그리고 저항의 연대. Space and Society / 공간과 사회, 26(3), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.19097/kaser.2016.26.3.5
  • López-Morales, E., Shin, H.B., Lees, L. (Eds.) (2016). Latin American gentrifications [Special issue]. Urban Geography, 37(8).
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016-05-27) 젠트리피케이션이라는 ‘재난’, 어떻게 극복할 것인가? (Gentrification as a ‘disaster’: what can we do about it?) [Paper]. 지속가능 도시재생을 위한 포럼 (Forum for the revitalization of sustainable cities), Seoul, Korea, Republic of, KOR.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). 젠트리피케이션, 누구를 위한 도시인가? (Gentrification: whose city?). https://doi.org/080
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). [오피니언] 젠트리피케이션 없는 세상 꿈꾸기 ([Opinion] dreaming of a world without gentrification). Hope Institute blog,
  • Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (2016). Planetary gentrification. Polity Press.
  • Shin, H.B (Ed.) (2016). Developmental urbanisation and gentrification - ‘발전주의 도시화와 젠트리피케이션’ 특집 [Special issue]. Space and Society / 공간과 사회, 26(3).
  • Shin, H.B (2016). Dreaming of a world without gentrification - 젠트리피케이션 없는 세상 꿈꾸기. In Jeong, H.S. (Ed.), Hannam Forum - 한남 포럼 (pp. 168-174). TakeoutDrawing.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Lees, Loretta, López-Morales, Ernesto (Eds.) (2016). Special issue: locating gentrification in the Global East [Special issue]. Urban Studies, 53(3).
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2015). Urbanization in China. In Wright, James D. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 973-979). Elsevier (Firm). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.72095-2
  • Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (Eds.) (2015). Global gentrifications: uneven development and displacement. Policy Press.
  • Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (2015). Introduction: 'gentrification' - a global urban process? In Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (Eds.), Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement (pp. 1-18). Policy Press.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2013). China's speculative urbanism and the built environment.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2013). [Book review]: The new Asian city: three dimensional fictions of space and urban form. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 31(5), 947-948. https://doi.org/10.1068/c457wr2
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2010). Empowerment or marginalisation: land, housing and property rights in poor neighbourhoods. In Wu, Fulong, Webster, Chris (Eds.), Marginalization in Urban China: Comparative Perspectives (pp. 112-130). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2010). Book review: "Shanghai Pudong: urban development in an Era of global-local interaction" by Y. Chen. International Journal of Housing Policy, 10(1), 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616710903565811
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2010). Urban conservation and revalorisation of dilapidated historic quarters: the case of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing. Cities, 27 Sup(1 (S)), S43-S54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.03.006
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2009). Residential redevelopment and entrepreneurial local state: the implications of Beijing's shifting emphasis on urban redevelopment policies. Urban Studies, 46(13), 2815-2839. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009345540
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2009). Property-based redevelopment and gentrification: the case of Seoul, South Korea. Geoforum, 40(5), 906-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.06.009
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2009). Life in the shadow of mega-events: Beijing Summer Olympiad and its impact on housing. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 2(2), 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516230903027872
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2008). Living on the edge: financing post-displacement housing in urban redevelopment projects in Seoul. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 411-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247808096120
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2007). Understanding China's urban transformation in post-reform period: an interview with Fulong Wu. Planning and Policy, 305, 81-101.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2007). The role of communities in urban regeneration and social mix: an interview with Anne Power. Planning and Policy, 309, 85-97.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2005). Changes in China's social welfare system during the reform period (in Korean). Health and Welfare Forum, 104, 116-135.
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  • Han, Didi, Shin, Hyun Bang (2025). Working-in-commons in the middle of precarity: the legacy of the urban commons movement of South Korea in the 1970s. Antipode, https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.70081 picture_as_pdf
  • Jin, Yi, Shin, Hyun Bang (2025). Revisiting urban governance in China: the manifestation of entrepreneurial neo-managerialism in shantytown redevelopment in Luzhou. Urban Studies, 62(10), 2136 - 2153. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241304344 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2025). Urban state venturism or urbanization of state capital? Views from the global East. Dialogues in Human Geography, 15(2), 286 - 290. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438206241289378 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee (2025). The urbanising dynamics of global China: speculation, articulation, and translation in global capitalism – an introduction. In Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee (Eds.), The Urbanising Dynamics of Global China: Speculation, Articulation, and Translation in Global Capitalism (pp. 1 - 12). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003621775-1 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Gimm, Dong-Wan (2025). Situating megaprojects in Asia’s political economy of urbanization. In Shin, Hyun Bang, Gimm, Dong-Wan (Eds.), The Political Economy of Megaprojects in Asia: State Power, Land Control, Financial Flows, and Dispossession (pp. 1-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315115078-1 picture_as_pdf
  • Lattanan, Petchpilai, Areeprachakun, Puttaporn, Patnukao, Areerut, Cheewinsiriwat, Pannee, Barlow, John, Shin, Hyun Bang, Rigg, Jonathan (2024). From causality to blame: exploring flooding, factories and land conversion in Eastern Thailand. Australian Geographer, 55(2), 203 - 227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2024.2311457 picture_as_pdf
  • Oh, Do Young, Shin, Hyun Bang (2023). University as real estate developer: comparative perspectives from the global east. Geoforum, 144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103764 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2023). The political economy of mega-events as spectacles in the Global East. In Aramata, Miyo (Ed.), Political Economy of the Tokyo Olympics: Unrestrained Capital and Development without Sustainable Principles (pp. 30 - 48). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003325888-3 picture_as_pdf
  • Oh, Do Young, Shin, Hyun Bang (2023). Locating the housing crisis in Kuwaiti state, land and society. (LSE Middle East Centre Kuwait Programme Paper Series). LSE Middle East Centre. picture_as_pdf
  • Yee Koh, Sin, Zhao, Yimin, Shin, Hyun Bang (2022). Moving the mountain and greening the sea: the micropolitics of speculative green urbanism at Forest City, Iskandar Malaysia. Urban Geography, 43(10), 1469 - 1495. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.1999725 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee (2022). The urbanising dynamics of global China: speculation, articulation, and translation in global capitalism. Urban Geography, 43(10), 1457 - 1468. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2022.2141491 picture_as_pdf
  • Nogueira, Mara, Shin, Hyun Bang (2022). The “right to the city centre”: political struggles of street vendors in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. City, 26(5-6), 1012 - 1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2022.2126208 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Mckenzie, Murray, Oh, Do Young (Eds.) (2022). COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: insights for a post-pandemic world. LSE Press. https://doi.org/10.31389/lsepress.cov picture_as_pdf
  • Mckenzie, Murray, Oh, Do Young, Shin, Hyun Bang (2022). Insights for a post-pandemic world. In Shin, Hyun Bang, Mckenzie, Murray, Oh, Do Young (Eds.), COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Insights for a post-pandemic world (pp. 1 - 33). LSE Press. https://doi.org/10.31389/lsepress.cov.a picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Jin, Yi, Mckenzie, Murray, Koh, Sin Yee, Oh, Do Young, Zhao, Yimin (2022). Postscript: in-pandemic academia, scholarly practices, and an ethics of care. In Shin, Hyun Bang, Mckenzie, Murray, Oh, Do Young (Eds.), COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Insights for a post-pandemic world (pp. 291 - 306). LSE Press. https://doi.org/10.31389/lsepress.cov.z picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2021). Theorising from where? Reflections on de-centring global (Southern) urbanism. In Lancione, Michele, McFarlane, Colin (Eds.), Global Urbanism: Knowledge, Power and the City (pp. 62 - 70). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429259593-9 picture_as_pdf
  • Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee, Shin, Hyun Bang (22 February 2021) Green urbanism and speculative urbanisation at Forest City, Iskandar Malaysia. LSE Southeast Asia Blog. picture_as_pdf
  • Koh, Sin Yee, Zhao, Yimin, Shin, Hyun Bang (2021). The micropolitics of speculative green urbanism at Forest City, Iskandar Malaysia. (Geography and Environment Discussion Paper Series 21). Department of Geography and Environment, LSE. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2020). Urban transformation ‘Korean Style’: lessons from property-based urban development. In Park, Se Hoon, Shin, Hyun Bang, Kang, Hyun Soo (Eds.), Exporting Urban Korea? Reconsidering the Korean Urban Development Experience . Routledge. picture_as_pdf
  • Nogueira, Mara, Shin, Hyun Bang (2020). The right to the city centre: political struggles of street vendors in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. (Geography and Environment Discussion Paper Series 12). Department of Geography and Environment, LSE. picture_as_pdf
  • Sonn, Jung Won, Shin, Hyun Bang (2020). Contextualizing accumulation by dispossession: the state and high-rise apartment clusters in Gangnam, Seoul. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(3), 864 - 881. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2019.1638751 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Yimin, Koh, Sin Yee (2020). Whither progressive urban futures? Critical reflections on the politics of temporality in Asia. City, 24(1-2), 244 - 254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2020.1739925 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (19 June 2019) Re-launch of the Field Research Methods Lab. Field Research Methods Lab Blog. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2019). Asian urbanism. In Orum, Anthony M. (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies . John Wiley & Sons. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2019). Planetary gentrification: what it is and why it matters. Space, Society and Geographical Thought, 22, 127-137. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Zhao, Y. (2018). Urbanism as a state project: lessons from Beijing's Green Belt. In Jayne, Mark (Ed.), Chinese urbanism: critical perspectives (pp. 30-46). Routledge.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (2018). Beyond Anglo-American gentrification theory. In Less, Loretta, Phillips, Martin (Eds.), Handbook of Gentrification Studies . Edward Elgar.
  • Moreno, Louis, Shin, Hyun Bang (2018). Introduction: the urban process under planetary accumulation by dispossession. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 22(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1442067
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2018). The geographies of gentrification in East Asia. The Newsletter, (79), p. 15.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2018). Urban movements and the genealogy of urban rights discourses: the case of urban protesters against redevelopment and displacement in Seoul, South Korea. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 108(2), 356 - 369. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2017.1392844
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). Geography: rethinking the ‘urban’ and urbanization. In Iossifova, D., Doll, C., Gasparatos, A. (Eds.), Defining the Urban: Interdisciplinary and Professional Perspectives (pp. 27-39). Routledge.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). How stubborn ‘nail houses’ take a stand against China’s rapid urbanisation. The Conversation,
  • Nicolau, Michel, Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). The Rio Olympic games and socio-spatial injustice. democraciaAbierta,
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2017). Envisioned by the state: entrepreneurial urbanism and the making of Songdo City, South Korea. In Datta, Ayona, Shaban, Abdul (Eds.), Mega-Urbanization in the Global South: Fast Cities and New Urban Utopias of the Postcolonial State (pp. 83-100). Routledge.
  • López-Morales, E., Shin, H.B, Lees, L. (2016). Introduction: Latin American gentrifications. Urban Geography, 37(8), 1091-1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1200335
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). Economic transition and speculative urbanisation in China: gentrification versus dispossession. Urban Studies, 53(3), 471 - 489. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015597111
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Lees, Loretta, López-Morales, Ernesto (2016). Introduction: locating gentrification in the Global East. Urban Studies, 53(3), 455-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015620337
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Kim, Soo-Hyun (2016). The developmental state, speculative urbanisation and the politics of displacement in gentrifying Seoul. Urban Studies, 53(3), 540-559. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014565745
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). Spectacles urbains, méga-événements sportifs et inégalités en Chine. In Delcourt, Laurent (Ed.), Sport et mondialisation (pp. 121-146). CETRI.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2015). China meets Korea: the Asian Games, entrepreneurial local states and debt-driven development. In Gruneau, Richard, Horne, John (Eds.), Mega Events and Globalization: Capital and Spectacle in a Changing World Order (pp. 186-205). Routledge.
  • Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (2015). Conclusion: global gentrifications. In Lees, Loretta, Shin, Hyun Bang, López-Morales, Ernesto (Eds.), Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement (pp. 441 - 452). Policy Press.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2014). Urban spatial restructuring, event-led development and scalar politics. Urban Studies, 51(14), 2961 - 2978. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013515031 picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2014). Contesting speculative urbanisation and strategising discontents. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 18(4-5), 509 - 516. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.939471
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2014). Book review: a middle class without democracy: economicgrowth and the prospects for democratization in China by JieChen.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2014). Contesting speculative urbanisation and strategising discontents. In Brekke, Jaya Klara, Dalakoglou, Dimitris, Filippidis, Christos, Vradis, Antonis (Eds.), Crisis-scapes: Athens and beyond (pp. 139 - 149). Synthesi.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2014). Elite vision before people: state entrepreneurialism and the limits of participation. In Altrock, Uwe, Schoon, Sonia (Eds.), Maturing Megacities: the Pearl River Delta in Progressive Transition (pp. 267-285). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2013). The right to the city and critical reflections on China's property rights activism. Antipode, 45(5), 1167-1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12010
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Li, Bingqin (2013). Whose games? The costs of being 'Olympic citizens' in Beijing. Environment and Urbanization, 25(2), 559-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247813501139
  • Li, Bingqin, Shin, Hyun Bang (2013). Intergenerational housing support between retired old parents and their children in urban China. Urban Studies, 50(16), 3225-3242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013483602
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2013). Development and dissent in China's 'urban age'.
  • Jennings, Will, Shin, Hyun Bang, Perryman, Mark, Davis, Juliet, Burdett, Ricky, Power, Anne (2013). Introducing our latest eCollection: 2012 London Olympics.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2012). Unequal cities of spectacle and mega-events in China. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 6(6), 728-744. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2012.734076
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2012). Book review: ghetto at the center of the world: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2012). Looking back and ahead: lessons from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Li, Bingqin (2012). Migrants, landlords and their uneven experiences of the Beijing Olympic Games. (CASE paper 163). Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2012). Urban land battles in China: resistance and land politics.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2011). Right to the city and critical reflections on property rights activism in China’s urban renewal contexts. (CASEpapers 156). Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2008). Driven to swim with the tide?: urban redevelopment and community participation in China. (CASEpapers 130). Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2007). ‘Entrepreneurial’ local state: the implications of Beijing’s shifting emphasis on urban redevelopment policies. (Working Paper 22). Asia Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2007). Residential redevelopment and social impacts in Beijing. In Wu, Fulong (Ed.), China’s Emerging Cities: the Making of New Urbanism (pp. 163-184). Routledge.
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2006). Transforming urban neighbourhoods: limits of developer-led partnership and benefit-sharing in residential redevelopment, with reference to Seoul and Beijing [Doctoral thesis]. London School of Economics and Political Science. picture_as_pdf
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  • Shin, Hyun Bang, Oh, Do Young (2025). Coping with crises in (post-)developmental urbanization: the case study of Songdo International City, South Korea. In Shin, Hyun Bang, Gimm, Dong-Wan (Eds.), The Political Economy of Megaprojects in Asia: State Power, Land Control, Financial Flows, and Dispossession (pp. 43 - 64). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315115078-3 picture_as_pdf
  • Park, Se Hoon, Shin, Hyun Bang, Kang, Hyun Soo (2020). Introduction: Reconsidering the Korean urban development experience for international cooperation. In Park, Se Hoon, Shin, Hyun Bang, Kang, Hyun Soo (Eds.), Exporting Urban Korea? Reconsidering the Korean Urban Development Experience . Routledge. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2018). Studying global gentrifications. In Harrison, John, Hoyler, Michael (Eds.), Doing Global Urban Research . Sage Publications, Inc.. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2018). Redevelopment, gentrification, and the spatio-temporality of displacement: the Case of Nangok, Seoul. In Korea Center for City and Environment Research (Ed.), Urban Regeneration and Gentrification (pp. 309-325). KOCER. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2016). La Economía Política de Urbananización Especulativa en Asia Oriental [The Political Economy of Speculative Urbanization in East Asia]. In Álvarez, Lucía, Delgado, Gian Carlo, Leal, Alejandra (Eds.), Los Desafios de la Ciudad del Siglo XXI [The Challenges of Twenty First Century Cities] (pp. 421-438). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. picture_as_pdf
  • Shin, Hyun Bang (2011). Vertical accumulation and accelerated urbanism: the East Asian experience. In Gandy, Matthew (Ed.), Urban Constellations (pp. 48-53). Jovis Verlag. picture_as_pdf
  • Seo, J. G., Shin, Hyun Bang, Im, J. M. (2007). 영국의 사회적 기업 방식을 통한 지역재생 사례 연구 = Study of the role of social enterprises in neighbourhood regeneration in the UK. Housing and Urban Research Institute, Korea National Housing Corporation. picture_as_pdf